综合福利视角下中国生态文明建设绩效评价及国际比较

基于强可持续研究范式,以生态经济学和可持续发展理论为基础,运用两阶段网络Super-EBM模型进行绩效测算和评价,打开生态福利转化过程的“黑箱”,基于综合福利视角将生态文明建设绩效进一步分解为生态经济效率和经济福利效率,实证研究部分选取2006-2015年的时间序列数据对中国“十一五”和“十二五”期间的生态文明建设绩效水平进行纵向分析,与此同时,选取42个国家2014年的截面数据进行横向的国际对比研究。研究表明：（1）“十一五”到“十二五”期间,中国生态文明建设绩效（0.986）整体水平一般,均未实现DEA有效,但“十二五”期间已呈现出逐年改善的利好趋势。国际比较层面,瑞士（1.647）、印度尼西亚（1.365）、爱尔兰（1.039）依次排名前三位,中国（0.297）排名相对靠后,位列倒数第二。各国之间差异较大,总体上呈现出“OECD国家（0.677）最高、G20国家（0.611）次之、金砖国家（0.417）最低”的态势。（2）从分阶段效率来看,无论是纵向分析还是横向对比,均发现第一阶段的生态经济效率明显低于第二阶段的经济福利效率,生态经济效率偏低是导致生态文明建设绩效总体水平偏低的主要原因。（3）与传统的单阶段、径向或非径向DEA模型相比,两阶段网络Super-EBM模型综合考虑了径向和松弛变量问题,测算出来的效率值更为精确,能够更为客观地反映现实。同时,对于其他领域涉及两阶段或多阶段生产系统的效率或绩效评估具有较好的借鉴价值。最后,根据上述结论提出相应的政策建议。     

张道口-1井水位观测精度变化分析研究

本文对张道口-1井模拟水位、数字化水位观测精度进行了对比，进一步分析了影响数字化水位观测精度的几个因素，提出了数字化水位在日常观测中应注意的几个问题。     

海峡两岸自然保护区比较研究

８０ 年代以来,海峡两岸在自然保护区建设方面都取得了较大成绩,但双方交流甚少,缺乏相互了解。本文重点对海峡两岸的自然保护区建设现状以及管理体制、分类系统、管理状况等进行了比较分析,并就如何进一步加强相互交流和促进中国自然保护区事业的发展提出相应的对策建议。     

不同采样方法测算结果的分析与比较

通过瞬时采样、等时采样、等比例采样测算结果的分析和比较 ,说明用等比例采样法采集水样并核定出污染物的排放总量 ,解决了水样的代表性问题。     

一种赤腹松鼠种群数量的估计方法

赤腹松鼠剥食树皮的行为对林木危害严重,根据野外长期的观察和研究发现,赤腹松鼠在剥落树皮上遗留下来的上门齿齿印间距具有个体差异,可以用作个体识别的依据.对2003年监测样地内赤腹松鼠在剥落树皮上的齿印间距测量记录,并统计分析以估计赤腹松鼠的个体数量.结果表明:种群数量与危害率的相关系数为0.876,P=0.01,表现出很强的正相关关系;显示在较小面积内,该方法可以用来估计赤腹松鼠的个体数量.同时对该方法的基本条件和局限进行了讨论.图2表4参10     

鸡贫血病毒(CAV)vp1基因的克隆及与其他CAV vp1基因的比较

把一个新鸡贫血病毒(CAV)的vp1基因通过PCR扩增，然后克隆到质粒载体pUC18上．vp1基因包含1347个碱基对，并且推定的VP1蛋白氨基酸序列含有449个氨基酸．通过DNA BLAST软件把该基因的序列数据与在GenBank中发表的其他vp1基因比较显示，克隆的vp1基因与已发表的其他vp1基因之间存在许多核甘酸差异．核甘酸的变异导致其编码蛋白质的某些氨基酸发生改变．氨基酸的改变主要集中在VP1蛋白的29、75、125、141、144、251、254、447位．在这些变异中，许多氨基酸的电荷和／或疏水性发生了改变，例如：Gly→Glu、Val→Glu、Ala→Thr、Leu→Gln、Cys→Trp、Leu→Arg、Arg→Ala、Gly→Ser、Ser→Ala、Glu→Gly、Gly→Thr等．通过CLUSTAL X软件比较了6个不同的vp1基因．该vp1基因已被GenBank登录(登录编号：AF448446)．VP1蛋白是CAV的唯一衣壳蛋白，因此VP1的氨基酸变异可能影响该蛋白质的抗原特征．对该vp1基因进一步进行免疫学研究具有重要意义，并且有可能应用该基因构建CAV基因工程疫苗．图1表3参20     

Low cost measurements of nitrogen and sulphur dry deposition velocities at a semi-alpine site: gradient measurements and a comparison with deposition model estimates

The conditional time averaged gradient method was used to measure air-surface exchange of nitrogen and sulphur compounds at a semi-alpine site in Southern Norway. Dry deposition velocities were then obtained from the bi-weekly concentration gradient measurements. Annual deposition velocities were found to be 1.4, 11.8 and 4.0 mm s(-1) for NH3, HNO3 and SO2, respectively, if all data were included, and to be 10.8, 11.8 and 13.0 mm s(-1), respectively, if only positive values were included. Measured deposition velocities were compared to two sets of values estimated from a big-leaf dry deposition module applying to two different land types (short grass and forbs, and tundra), driven by measured micrometeorological parameters. The deposition module gives reasonable values for this site throughout the year, but does not reproduce the large variability as shown in the measured data. No apparent seasonal variations were found from either measurements or module estimates due to the very low productivity of the studied area.     

测定甲醛标样的两种方法比较

通过两种测定甲醛标样方法的比较，指出用水中测定甲醛的方法测定“空气中的甲醛”标样，测试方法更加简单、方便，结果较好。     

Assessing inter-laboratory comparability and limits of determination for the analysis of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in whole Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are high volume production chemicals used in a wide range of industrial and consumer products. Three cVMS compounds (D4, D5, and D6) have and are undergoing environmental risk evaluations in several countries and have been proposed for legal regulation in Canada. As interest in monitoring concentrations of these chemicals in the environment increase, there is a need to evaluate the analytical procedures for cVMS in biological matrices in order to assess the quality of data produced. The purpose of this study was to determine laboratory testing performance for measuring residues of D4, D5, and D6 in a standard set of fish homogenate samples and to estimate limits of determination for each substance. The samples sent to each laboratory consisted of homogenized whole body tissues of hatchery raised rainbow trout which were fed food fortified with D4, D5, and D6 (dosed) and trout that were fed standard food rations (control). The participants analyzed each sample using their analytical method of choice using their own standards and procedures for quantification and quality control. With a few exceptions, participating laboratories generated comparable results for D4, D5, and D6 in both the dosed and control samples having z-scores between 2 and −2. Method detection limits for the whole fish matrix were on average 2.4 ng g⁻¹ ww for D4, 2.3 ng g⁻¹ ww for D5, and 1.8 ng g⁻¹ ww for D6.     

废钻井液固化剂的筛选实验

针对目前许多废钻井液固化剂产品达不到降低污染物浓度的要求,而效果较好的产品价格昂贵,处理成本高,难以推广使用的问题,选取了9种固化剂进行固化实验,通过针入度测定仪、固化效果比对,参考相应市场价格,筛选出经济效益较高的固化剂,为同行业开展固化处理提供参考和借鉴。